Natural sand are weathered and worn out particles of rocks and are of various grades or size depending on the accounting of wearing. The main natural and cheapest resource of sand is river. Dams are constructed on every river hence these resources are erasing very fast. Now a days good sand is not readily available, it should be transported from long distance. Those resources are also exhausting very rapidly. So it is a need of the time to find some substitute to natural river sand.
The artificial sand produced by proper machines can be a better substitute to river sand. The sand should be sharp, clean and course. The grains should be of durable material. The grain sizes must be such that it should give minimum voids. The presence of clay and silt retards the setting of the cement and makes the mortar weaker and the walls or the slab leaks and holds dampness.
The sand in the mortar does not add any strength but it is used as an adulterant for economy and with the same it prevents the shrinkage and cracking of mortar in setting. The sand must be of proper gradation ( it should have particles from 150 microns to 4.75 mm in proper proprtion) When fine particles are in proper proprtion, the sand will have less voids. The cement required will be less when there will be less void in sand. Such sand will be more economical.
Only sand manufactured by VSI crusher is cubical and angular in shape. Sand made by other types of machines is flaky , which is troublesome in working. There is no plasticity in the mortar. Hence the mason are not ready to work with machine made crushed stone sand. For the same reason inferior river sand may be used. Manufacturing sand from jaw crusher, cone crusher, roll crusher often contains high percentage of dust and have flaky paricle. Flaky and angular particles may produce harsh concrete, and may result in spongy concrete.
Only the long term substitute for river sand is manufactured sand or crushed sand from VSI Crushers. The manufactured sand must have cubical particles or spherical particles which can be generated only from V.S.I. Crushers only Due to Cleavage crushing. Due to cleavage breaking of the particle the surface is more smooth. Sand manufactured from any other process/ machine can not have cubical shape. Fine aggregates manufactured by Compression crushing ( Jaw crusher, Cone crusher, Roll crusher, Hammer mill ) is flaky and more angular in shape. The surface texture is very rough. There fore such fine aggregate is not suitable for concreting and other construction work. The Plasticy of concrete reduces and results in honey combing.
V.S.I. Crushers is a most economical machine for Crushing Stone in Cubical shape and manufacturing artificial sand. In this machine the particles are thrown at a high speed, those particles colloid with each other and shatter in cubical particles.
Spodumene: According to the hard rock crushing process, the crushed product is generally 5-40mm, combined with different design requirements of customers, two-end or three-stage crushing, high-grade crushed products (above 4-5%) can be directly used in the metallurgical process to produce lithium carbonate Or lithium hydroxide, the particle size of the finished product is generally around 20-40mm; low-grade generally requires ball mill grinding and separation, and the particle size of the finished product is generally around 5-20mm;
